electric bike lithium battery tips

For the proper use, maintenance and storage of this battery, it is crucially important that you read and understand the instructions given in this manual.
Warnings:

1. Never short circuit the discharge or charge terminals of the battery.
2. Never charge the battery by discharge terminals or discharge the battery by charge terminals.
3. Keep the battery away from excessive heat and open flames. Never put the battery into water.
4. Never subject the battery to intense physical shock or severe vibration or impact.
5. Protect the battery from water or other moisture. Protect the discharge and charge terminals of the battery from rain or waterlogging
6. Keep the battery away from children.
7. Never disassemble the battery without permission.
8. We suggest removing the battery from the load and placing it in a safety environment at the temperature range from 15? to 35? when the battery is not in use over ten days.
9. Use only the special charger supplied by our company. Never use other charger to charge the battery.

If you failed to comply with the instructions and warnings described above, you would be responsible for the deed.
General use instructions
1?Charge:

1. Charge temperature range 15~40?
2. Over charging is seemly improving the batterys capacity, but it will be danger and shorting life of the battery.
3. The higher the charging end-voltage, the higher the charging current, the longer the charging time, the more harmer the battery receives;
4. If there is any abnormal situation such as the battery transforms and bloats, or becomes very hot, please stop charging at once.

Do not connect the battery and the charger to AC for a very long time. 
Do not connect the charger with the AC for a long time unless under the condition of charging. 
The charging environment should be dry, well-ventilated and far away from fire. 
There should be no inflammables in 1.5 meters around the battery when it is under charging. 
Do not charge around inflammable or dangerous things. 
It is better to take out the batteries from containers when charging for abstraction of heat. 
Keep away from children when the charger is working to avoid danger.
2?Discharge:

1. Discharge temperature range -20?~55?
2. Avoid overdischarging. When the voltage of per cell is lower than the limit of cut-off voltage, the battery is under overdischarging condition. Long time of overdischarging will shorten the life of the battery.
3. Never charge more full and discharge more empty will lengthen the battery life.
4. Avoid large current or it will affect the battery life.
5. Accelerate slowly when cycling starting, avoid starting at still, avoid sudden accelerating at start.
6. Avoid starting at still when running up the slope, it is best to use pedal power when Struggling uphill.?
7. It is best to cycle human-assisting when running up, climbing or heading up.
8. Speed up slowly or pedal at low temperature.
9. Avoid flooding the battery by the rain when cycling, which may cause danger.
10. When the battery is not in use for an extended period of time , remove the battery from the load for storage to avoid self-discharge by load?Do not lay up the battery when there is no electricity or low voltage.

3 Storage:

1. Storage conditions for the battery: circumstance temperature 15~35?,circumstance relative humidity:=75%RH.The battery should be kept in storage in a clean, dry and ventilated circumstance, it should be avoided to touch with the corrosive substance and should be away form excessive heat and open flames.
2. The batteries should be kept with 50% of the capacity , storage time of the battery should not be more than 30 days.
3. The capacity of the Lithium battery will be decline when storage.
4. The battery should be charged once every 30 days when storage, every time charged about 2 hours.

The battery should be with fireproofing measures when storage together, there should be safe distance or fireproofing material for isolation.

Old fittings make some water meter swaps pricey

PRINCETON — More than half of the 4,200 water meters in Princeton have been changed out with new automated meters, but contractors ran into an unexpected number of crumbling 19th century fittings that make the replacement more expensive.



Johnson Controls engineer Chris Downs told the Princeton Board of Public Works and Safety Monday that 2,500 meters have been replaced with automated devices that will allow meter readers to check them via computer radio signal. The new meters also feature diagnostics for leaks on the customer side, or tampering, and can help the city track trends in water usage.





But the big challenge in the otherwise smooth-operating project has been the discovery of about 700 meters with collars made in the 1800s. Downs said some settings are crumbling when the meters are changed out, and excavation has been required. That’s an additional $600 or so to repair, per instance, he estimated.



Downs said the company is working with crews to minimize the cost for the additional work, looking to recoup some money by selling the old meters for scrap, and allocating some contingency funds for the project.



The problems were unexpected because a sampling of 200 or so meters found only one old fitting. The number of old galvanized iron yokes was a surprise, said Johnson Controls spokesman Tom Hogan. “The program’s going really well, outside of this issue.” Hogan said seeing the old iron last as long as it has is a testament to good maintenance and water quality, but said most of the old iron uncovered is brittle.



Crews are “exercising special care when we do run across them,” he said. The meter replacement work began this summer. The city approved the project in June 2008, after Johnson Controls did the engineering and guaranteed the project would pay for itself with the revenue generated from more accurate usage measurements.

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The company projects a $330,000 excess cash flow in the water department that should pay for the project in 15 years. The meters are guaranteed for 20 years.



Johnson Controls estimated this summer that the project could save the city $4 million in the long run with more efficient and accurate water meters.



In other business at Monday’s board of works session, members authorized an environmental company to drill groundwater monitoring wells, if required, on Ohio Street near the Mid-States Rubber company.



Board members Mayor Bob Hurst and Kathy Cowling agreed to install one meter for lighting on the pocket park on Emerson Street, picking up the cost for electric usage for the half of the lot, which was sold by the city to Jim Seaton. Seaton donated lights from the old Evansville Executive Inn to be used on the back side of the city-owned portion of the lot.



Hurst also reported that the Indiana Dept. of Transportation has ordered CSX Transportation Inc. to install signals at the Makemson Street railroad crossing within 12 months or face a $1,000 daily fine past that time.

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Actors picking parts

A director is screen testing Sylvestor Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger for a new film about classic composers. Not having figured out who to give which part to, he asks Sly who he would like to be.
Stallone says “I like Mozart. I want to be Mozart”
So the Director says, “Very well, you can be Mozart” Then he turns to Arnie and says “Arnie, who would you like to play ?”
And Arnie says “Ah’ll be Bach!”
The reprint please indicate comes from :【Spirit Thought Funny Jokes--Most greatly most entire funny joke collection !】


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Local foundry develops new sheave wheel

This is, currently, the largest sheave wheel design manufactured by KEW Foundries, which is the only supplier of cast headgear sheave wheels in Africa. Modifications to existing plant and equipment are currently under way to increase this size to a 6,8-m sheave wheel with an outside diameter of 7,1 m.

The 6,5-m sheave wheel has a 6,7 m outside diameter and will be one of four mounted on a single shaft, reports the company.

"The present contract that Kew Foundries has secured is for two sets of 6,5-m deflection clusters for a well-known mining project house to be used on one of the new platinum projects in the Phokeng area, outside Rustenburg. These sets are due for delivery in early-2009," reports Goncalves.

He explains the applications and customised specifications of its new 6,5-m sheave wheel used as part of the cluster arrangement.

"The new trend in mining is to use Koepe winders situated on top of the headgear, or on the bank-level, using multiple ropes going down the shaft connected to either a conveyance or a counterweight. As the winder drum is mounted over the shaft, the rope drops off-centre relative to the position of the conveyance or counterweight. The sheaves, mounted below the winder, deflect the rope back to the centre line. If the winder has four ropes, then four deflecting sheaves are required, having all four wheels on a single shaft." says Goncalves.

KEW Foundries' sheave wheels are currently being manufactured at the company's manufacturing facility in Kimberley.

KEW Foundries supplies sheave wheels to all the big mining houses as well as to consulting and project engineers working on big shaft-sinking and expansion projects for the array of mines in Southern Africa and abroad.

Some of the projects that the company has been involved in over the last two years include the supply of a 5,5-m four-wheel cluster to the Karee No 4 shaft, 3,6-m sheave wheels for the Konkola No 4 shaft, a 4,8-m sheave wheel for the Crocodile River No 1 shaft and a 3,6-m sheave wheel for Impala No 17 shaft, among a number of other projects.

Kew Foundries has developed the best of specifications after working with different mining houses over many years, reports Goncalves.

"We have taken the best requirements of mining house specifications to produce sheave wheels and associated equipment that meets, and in most cases, surpasses the requirements requested by our customers. This KEW Foundries specification has been adopted by a number of mining operations who were without a detailed specification," states Goncalves

The company was established in 1891 and specialises in numerous grades of Grey and SG Iron in a range of sophisticated small and large castings up to 6 500 kg that include, sheave wheels, gearbox castings, bearing housings, pump casings, valve bodies and discs, girth gear castings, flywheels and crusher parts, as well as counterweight and mass weight castings of up to 7 500 kg, among many other products.

"Kew Foundries' key focus is on developing new products, as well as improving existing products by forming solid customer partnerships. The company offers in-house casting, non-destructive testing, machining, material testing, and design and draughting facilities, through its comprehensive foundry and engineering capabilities," says Goncalves.

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Ningbo Sanling Electronics Co., Ltd. is at Cixi City within the Yangtze River Delta with the most active economy and it is located on the south bank of Grand Hangzhou Bay Bridge, the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world. It enjoys geographical advantages and convenient traffic facilities as Shanghai is on the north while the famous Ningbo deep water harbor is on the east. The company covers a land area of 48,000 square meters. The company has fixed assets of RMB 22 million and total assets of over RMB 40 million. There are more than 400 staff and workers and the annual output is RMB 80 million. The company is honored with the title of “Zhejiang Provincial Stress on Contract and Keep Promise AAA Enterprise? “Ningbo City Good Faith Enterprise? “Cixi City Famous Foreign Trade Key Enterprise?and “New and High-tech Enterprise? The major products are electric metallic tubing (EMT)fittings,waterproof conduit and cable connectors.The series of EMT fittings has been UL certified with listee file number E190622.The fittings are well received by customer in the United States and Canada.It is one of the leading manufacturers of top quality EMT fittings with high reputation in China. The company is equipped with sophisticated equipment and complete testing facilities.A high quality skilled team is working in the company.It fully introduces ISO9000 quality management.Under the operation principle of “Honest, Keeping Promise,Innovation and Keeping Improving?the company management adheres to “customer is the God while the quality is the life?and always seeks after an enterprise to be trusted by wide customers. Warmly welcome customers both at home and abroad to cooperate with us in business for a brilliant future.
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美国称注意到中国加强陆军力量的建设

美国注意到中国、俄罗斯和印度加强大陆军的建设，反映美国在掌握全球制海权后，把战略目光转到「由海到陆」的思考。对此，传统上都是大陆国家的中、俄、印，都应该引发如何应付超级强敌「以海制陆」的战略攻势——是优先发展海空军，甚至太空战的力量？还是保持陆战优势，准备打一场陆上卫国战争。
「合众国际社」最近连续发文指出，中国主战坦克的性能不断改进，既发展新型弹药提高穿甲能力，并加挂装甲增强防护力。品种繁多的两栖装甲车辆不仅为渡海攻台之需，在中国河湖交织的水网地区也是快反部队不可或缺的装备。改革开放初期的陆军航空兵只有几十架直升机，如今已发展到四百架，中国新型的武装直升机更是陆军突击的利器，无论野战或巷战都是三维攻防的重要指标。
从表面看，近年几场国际战争已表现出大陆军的没落，缺乏空优的机步师在讯息战中不堪一击，但是中、俄、印这三个传统陆军大国仍重视陆军的发展，大概出于两方面考虑：一是御敌于国门之外没有必胜把握；二是陆战决胜更能发挥天时地利人和的优势。以中国大陆为例，如不得已用兵台海，最后攻占全岛还是陆军的浴血苦战，前提是掌握战区的海空优势。如果能将美日海空军拦截在台海之外自然最好，但是近日美国以海基导弹一发就命中太空轨道上的卫星，有外电指此举显示发展弹道导弹打航母也未必灵光。既然挡不住航母逼近，那就要考虑敌军围魏救赵，突袭大陆而减轻台湾的压力，解放军要立于不败之地，陆军岂能不与时俱进？
俄国海军日益萎缩，战略空军徒具其表，一千七百万平方公里疆土，三点四万公里海岸线不是三十五万海空军守得住的，强化几万辆坦克和大炮才是大陆国家的护身符。
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许霆案背后的民意危险

01204348
正在接受记者采访的许霆父亲

今天的各大报纸都报道了许霆案重审的新闻。这件事情很容易让人想起几年前轰动一时的“刘涌案”，两个案件的审理的背后都充满了“民意”的力量。因为“民意”，最高人民法院极其罕见地对已经生效结案的刑事案件予以了提审，原本可以逃过一命的刘涌，最后被判处了死刑。而这一次正好相反，我相信，在巨大的“民意”下，许霆案不但会改判，而且还会从轻发落。

由于“民意”一词在汉语里，可以解释为“人民的意愿”，因而，“民意”似乎总是对的，而且必须得以遵循。然而，人民毕竟只是一个带有政治色彩的抽象的名词，如果让我们来分析一下许霆案重审背后的民意，我们就会发现，这里的“民”其实是由三类人所构成：大量的媒体，大量的喜欢在网络上发表个人意见的网民，及部分法学专家。他们当然是人民，但也只是一部分，如果仅仅根据这些人的意愿就把它当作是“人民的意愿”，那么，毫无疑问，这对还有更多的没有发表意见的人以及持反对意见的人，是不公的，他们也是人民的一部分。

一个简单的例子是，一名小偷在菜场偷钱，如果按照菜场里的民意，最好能当场枪毙掉。但如果民意的调查是来自于网络，或者一个贫穷的乡村，我们就有可能得到一个完全相反的信息，“要不是家里穷，谁愿意做小偷啊？”因而，任何针对小偷的严惩，都有可能看作是基于恶法的裁判，甚至被解读为对穷人的歧视。

由此可见，这里所谓的民意，其实只是来自于民间的“个人意见的总和”，即，卢梭在《社会契约论》中谈到的四种意志中的“众意”，而非法律必须体现的“公意”。只有“公意”才是永远公正的，才是我们常说的“人民的意愿”。在卢梭看来，只有除掉那些个别意志间正负相抵消的那部分，所剩下的总和才是公意。①

当然，我们并不能排除在有的时候，公意就是众意，这也是许霆案和刘涌案顺应民意重审改判，其结果可能是正确的原因所在，也是我难以批评的原因所在，但，我们也应该意识到，这样的结果可能只是某种“巧合”，就象卢梭所说的，“是极其罕见的事”。很多年前，上海曾发生过一起轰动全国的刑案，一位名叫潘萍的年轻女子，因为感情纠纷而遭男友残忍毁容。在舆论的高度关注下，潘萍的律师和家属频频出镜，或义愤填膺，或痛哭流涕，民众无不为之动容，甚至连妇联都站了出来。最后，在强烈的民意下，那位有“自首”情节的男友被判处了死刑。然而，过了没多久，无论是法学家还是普通民众便开始发思，死刑是不是重了点？法官们同样也意识到了这一点，于是，在随后发生的几起毁容案的判决中，我们发现，很少再有死刑了。那么，对于已经被枪毙的那位男友来说，这意味着什么呢？

法治的实质是一种精神，我曾经在文章说过，司法之独立，不但要求司法能独立于任何党团、政府，同时也要独立于“民意”。首先，这是专业化的要求，我们必须承认，法律是一门专业的知识。即便是在实行陪审团制度的社会，一个案件的审理也必须由专业人士来完成，而不是根据民众的情绪由民众直接投票来决定。第二，我们难以确定到底是什么民意，法官所得到的民意到底代表了多少民众，同时，经验又告诉我们，民意不但容易误解，而且，还因为“话语权”而存在一个是否能够表达的问题，甚至极有可能被他人利用。第三，“顺应民意”很大程度上只是体现了“结果正义”而非 “程序正义”。程序正义才是法治的标志，司法接受社会之监督，只能是对程序的监督。由实体法导致的不公，只能通过立法来予以解决，立法的过程同样必须接受社会的监督。
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New series circular connectors from Erntec of china

Since the end of the '80s, the trend of integrating more and more electronics and intelligence in machines has rapidly gained momentum.
Whereas before, only controls in a switch cabinet regulated actuator or sensor systems by way of so-called I/O cards, today there is an increasing number of intelligent field devices outfitted with local I/Os and connected to the switch cabinet via a fieldbus or even have the entire control system on board.
Up until this point in time, M8 and M12 connectors were only referred to and used as sensor connectors. The open end of the sensor cable was routed in the switch cabinet and wired there.
Today, sensors and actuators in the field frequently are connected to a passive I/O box or one with fieldbus capability.
The harsh influences of the environment on these boxes make proven and, particularly, tightly sealed (IP 65/67) connectors a necessity.
As such, it only made sense to use the M8 or M12 connector systems here as well, which already had established themselves in the field of sensor technology.
Meanwhile, the M12 connector also is recommended as a fieldbus connector for almost all field bus applications. To make sure that nothing gets mixed up, there are a series of codes for assistance.
ERNI, the known specialist for printed circuit board connectors, has seized an opportunity. Today, there are still an insufficient number of connector types for these boards.
As field devices are specific, a wide variety of flexible modular connectors is required in order to implement these applications with as little effort and expense as possible.
PCB connectors:
ERNI has developed such a modular system with M8/12 connectors that is fully flexible in application and has SMT connections that are so robust that bulk packaging and feeding are possible.
The connector has also been designed for tape-on-reel packaging. The concept allows connectors to be produced at various heights and with different pin configurations.
The black insulator is made of high-temperature plastic, and is suitable for soldering with all the usual SMT soldering procedures.
The new M8/M12 connectors available from Erntec are designed for lead-free processing, which is mandatory since July 2006. Especially cost cutting by reduction of printed circuit board surface is achieved.
In specific applications, two printed circuit boards can be replaced by one. A pick and place pad for females is not required while using a gripper or special pipette.
Cable assemblies:
As a completion to the product portfolio ERNI Electronics also offers cable assemblies for the connection of sensors/ actuators or other automation systems devices such as I/O distribution boxes.
The standard product range covers pre-assembled, over-moulded circular connectors of sizes M8 and M12 either as interconnection of two circular connectors or as a cord set having an open end of line.
In addition, the portfolio comprises field-attachable connectors for tool-less cable termination, T-coupler, panel feed-throughs and adapter for quick and cost-efficient connection in the field.
ERNI extends the variety with different cable qualities that meet versatile industrial requirements and therefore are applicable for a wide range of use.
PVC as a competitive and economic solution or PUR (UL/CSA approved), halogen-free and UV resistant, for highly demanding applications in drag chains and harsh environments where operational reliability is crucial.
Innovative product features like the self-securing screw locking guarantee vibration-proof and secure connection.
The coupling nut additionally combines a knurled surface with a spanner flat suitable for standard wrenches.
Different configurations, designs and codings are available from stock. All parts meet IP67 requirements (IEC 60529) to ensure protection against dust and water immersion.
ERNI’s pre-assembled cable assemblies use standard-wise two cable qualities in five different lengths.
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